Ahmed Fatima Yagana
U14mm1132
Hepatitis virus infection
Introduction
The liver is the largest organ inside the human body; it is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen. It’s the body’s filter and warehouse ,it effectively remove toxins and waste products from the bloodstream at the same time stores important nutrients like iron, minerals and vitamins.
Definition
Hepatitis is a general term referring to inflammation of the liver.
CAUSES
Hepatitis which result from various causes, both infectious i.e., viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic organisms and noninfectious e.g, alcohol, drugs, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic diseases.
TYPES
There are five major types of viruses known to cause hepatitis infection which include hepatitis A, B,C,D AND E.
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
Hepatitis A and E have common mode of transmission when feco-oral route i.e. when hygiene level is compromised, whereas B, C and D have common route of transmission
Hepatitis A was formally called infectious hepatitis is transmitted through feco-oral route, by ingestion of food and fluids infected by the virus, it is more prevalent in countries with overcrowding and poor sanitation, the virus has been found in the stool of the infected person before the unset of the symptoms and during first few days of the illness Typically, a child or a young adult acquires the infection at school through poor hygiene, hand-to-mouth contact, or close contact during play.
Hepatitis B also called serum hepatitis, caused by hepatitis virus B usually transmitted by intimate contact with carriers, sexual or oral-oral contact, perinatal transmission during child birth from infected mothers, occupational hazards as in health workers
Hepatitis C known as non B hepatitis, it is blood bourn usually by transmission of blood and blood product, exposure to contaminated blood through instruments, sexual intercourse with infected person and there is also high risk in sexually transmitted diseases STD
Hepatitis D coexist in the presence of hepatitis B mode of transmission is similar to that of hepatitis B
Hepatitis E also similar to hepatitis A virus when the hygienic level is compromised although the risks appear to be low
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Proper community and home sanitation
Individual hygiene.
Effective health supervision of schools, dormitories
Community health education programs
Promote vaccination to interrupt community wide spread
Safe practices for preparing and dispensing food
Immunization.
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