NJOKU PRISCILIA U15MM2032
Surgery is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate or treat a pathological condition such as a disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance or to repair unwanted ruptured areas.
The act of performing surgery may be called a "surgical procedure", "operation", or simply "surgery". In this context, the verb "operate" means to perform surgery. The adjective "surgical" means pertaining to surgery; e.g. surgical instruments or surgical nurse. The patient or subject on which the surgery is performed can be a person or an animal. A surgeon is a person who practices surgery and a surgeon's assistant is a person who practices surgical assistance. A surgical team is made up of surgeon, surgeon's assistant, anesthesia provider, circulating nurse and surgical technologist. Surgery usually spans minutes to hours, but it is typically not an ongoing or periodic type of treatment. The term "surgery" can also refer to the place where surgery is performed, or, in British English, simply the office of a physician, dentist, or veterinarian.
PREPARING FOR SURGERY
Understand exactly what surgery is planned, along with the risks, benefits, and other options.
Tell your doctors ALL the medicines and natural health products you take. Some of these can increase the risk of bleeding or interact with anesthesia.
If you take blood thinners, such as warfarin (Coumadin), clopidogrel (Plavix), or aspirin, be sure to talk to your doctor. He or she will tell you if you should stop taking these medicines before your surgery. Make sure that you understand exactly what your doctor wants you to do.
Your doctor will tell you which medicines to take or stop before your surgery. You may need to stop taking certain medicines a week or more before surgery. So talk to your doctor as soon as you can.
If you have an advance care plan, let your doctor know. Bring a copy to the hospital. If you don't have one, you may want to prepare one. It lets your doctor and loved ones know your health care wishes. Doctors advise that everyone prepare these papers before any type of surgery or procedure.
Cosmetic Breast Surgery
There are several types of asthetic breast surgery procedures that can help you achieve the figure you have always wanted. The most well known, and one of the most popular of all types of cosmetic surgery, is breast augmentation. Sagging breasts can be returned to a more youthful position with a breast lift, while women whose breast are too large can benefit from breast reduction.
Breast Lift Surgery
Several techniques can be used to raise sagging or drooping breasts, and which one is used depends on your surgeon’s preferences and on how much of a lift you need. For minimal breast lifts, the surgeon can make an incision around the nipple or around the lower half of the nipple and remove a ring or crescent of skin. By drawing in the skin and closing the incision, the rest of the breast is lifted and rejuvenated. More extensive lifts may involve an incision around the nipple and down to the crease. Women who have lost a lot of breast volume (or perhaps did not have a lot to start with) can also have breast implants inserted during their breast lift surgery. Again, time out of work is usually about a week, but may be longer for an extensive lift. Swelling may not completely resolve for several weeks. To learn more about breast lift recovery, and other information about cosmetic plastic surgery, visit our sister sites.
Breast reduction is a more involved surgical procedure and is considered to be reconstructive surgery rather than cosmetic. Women who have very large breasts look top-heavy and out of balance, but they may also suffer from backaches, skin infections under their breasts, and sores where their bra straps cut into their shoulders. In some cases, breast reduction surgery may be covered by health insurance.
Because a lot of breast tissue may need to be removed, scarring may be extensive after breast reduction. There is also the possibility that the surgery can make future breastfeeding difficult or impossible. You should consider these factors before deciding to have breast reduction surgery. There are also the risks of infection, excess bleeding, adverse reaction to anesthesia, and having asymmetrical breasts after the surgery.
Breast Reduction
Breast reduction involves an incision around the nipple and down to the crease. This incision may extend to either side in the crease under the breasts, making the incision look like an old-fashioned anchor. The surgeon then removes excess tissue and skin and closes the incision. In some cases, the nipple is removed completely and relocated on the breast, but usually the surgeon will try to keep the nipple attached to the milk ducts.
Breast reduction involves an incision around the nipple and down to the crease. This incision may extend to either side in the crease under the breasts, making the incision look like an old-fashioned anchor. The surgeon then removes excess tissue and skin and closes the incision. In some cases, the nipple is removed completely and relocated on the breast, but usually the surgeon will try to keep the nipple attached to the milk ducts.
Visit the Consumer Guide to Dentistry to learn about oral health and cosmetic dentistry, and to find a local dentist who performs the procedures.
SIDE EFFECTS OF BREAST ENLARGEMENT
Infection (bacteria and mold which can be released from the implant into the body)
Surgical risks
Anesthesia risks
Chronic breast pain,
Breast or nipple numbness
Capsular contracture
Scar tissue
Hardened and misshapen breasts
Breakage and leakage
Necrosis (skin death)
Need for additional surgery to deal with problems
Dissatisfaction with how the breast looks
Disfigurement
Arthritis and joint pain
Fatigue
Memory loss
Cognitive impairment: poor concentration
Metal poisoning due to platinum exposure (in silicone implants)
Silicone migration into lymph nodes and other organs
Debilitating autoimmne disease such as fibromyalgia, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, mixed connective-tissue disease, pulmonary fibrosis, eosinophilic fasciitis, and polymyalgia.
And last but not least, death
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